The Opium of the Lasses: Beauvoir’s Revaluation of Love in The Second Sex
Coming soon.
This paper argues that Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex offers a genealogy of the morality of sexual hierarchy in which love plays a central role. In dialogue with Sara Heinämaa’s reading of Beauvoir as a projection theorist, I argue that the economic and moral dimensions of Beauvoir’s revaluation of love are illuminated by reading her in a particular tradition of “French Marx”. According to Beauvoir, both religious and secular mystifications of love, like Marx’s ‘opium of the masses’, veil the real relations between human beings. However, rather than merely unmasking
individualistic mystifications of love, The Second Sex situates what I call ‘the opium of the lasses’ in an axiological critique of Marx’s projection theory of religion and post-Nietzschean discussions of ‘love’ and its capitalist co-options. Reading Beauvoir as a ‘Mistress of Suspicion’, I contend that her revaluation of love concerns not only the weight of patriarchal myths of what makes women ‘loveable’, but an enquiry into the possibility of co-responsible solidarity—of what it means to become love-able, able to love.
Sara Heinämaa is Professor of philosophy in the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy at University of Jyväskylä, and Docent of theoretical philosophy at the University of Helsinki. She has also worked for many philosophical institutions in Scandinavia, including Uppsala University and University of Oslo. She specializes in phenomenology, existentialism, philosophy of mind and history of philosophy, and has published extensively in these fields, especially on the topics of normativity, values, emotions, embodiment, personhood, intersubjectivity and gender. Heinämaa is co-author of Birth, Death, and Femininity (2010) and author of Toward a Phenomenology of Sexual Difference (2003), and has co-edited several volumes, including Contemporary Phenomenologies of Normativity: Norms, Goals, Values (2022), Why Method Matters: Phenomenology as Critique (2022), Phenomenology and the Transcendental (2014), andConsciousness (2007).
Kate Kirkpatrick is Fellow in Philosophy at Regent’s Park College, University of Oxford. She received her DPhil from the University of Oxford with a thesis on Sartre’s Being and Nothingness, and held posts at St Peter’s College Oxford, the University of Hertfordshire, and King’s College London before coming to Regent’s Park in 2020. She has published several books and articles on French phenomenology and existentialism, and is currently completing a philosophical commentary on The Second Sex.
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