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The 2024 Postgraduate Session
University of Birmingham, 12 to 14 July 2024

The local organiser from  Birmingham is are Professor Nikk Effingham and Dr Jussi Suikkanen.

For full details and to participate in the conference, and for updates on the format and program, please see the official conference website.

Theoretical Philosophy

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Christabel Cane

University College London

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Frederik Andersen

University of St Andrews

Abstracts

Worm-theoretic perdurantists are committed to the view that objects are fusions of their temporal parts, which means that the historical properties of an object at least partly determine its boundaries. In fact, perdurantists appeal to historical properties to distinguish objects like statues and the lumps of clay that constitute them when they temporarily coincide: the clay is older than the statue, so it has temporal parts that the statue lacks.

 

However, in cases of permanent coincidence, the object and its lump of constituting matter share all and exactly the same temporal parts. My paper examines arguments from prominent worm-theoretic perdurantists (Gibbard, 1975; Lewis, 1971 & 1986; and Noonan, 1988 & 1993), for denying that modal properties count when assessing the indiscernibility of permanently coinciding objects. I point out that these arguments apply to (and thereby discredit) historical properties too, which exposes an inconsistency within worm-theoretic perdurantism.
A key question in the philosophy of logic is how we have epistemic justification for claims about logical entailment (assuming we have such justification at all). Justification holism asserts that claims of logical entailment can only be justified in the context of an entire logical theory, e.g., classical, intuitionistic, paraconsistent, paracomplete etc. According to holism, claims of logical entailment cannot be atomistically justified as isolated statements, independently of theory choice. At present there is a developing interest in—and endorsement of—justification holism due to the revival of an abductivist approach to the epistemology of logic. This paper presents an argument against holism by establishing a foundational entailment-sentence of deduction which is justified independently of theory choice and outside the context of a whole logical theory.

About

Christabel is a PhD student in the philosophy department at UCL, specialising in metaphysics and philosophy of science. Her main projects are situated within the philosophy of time, with special reference to the problem of change, exploring the implications of perdurance-style solutions to this problem and their impact other metaphysical questions, such as material constitution, temporary intrinsics, and modal predication. Her current research focuses on how objects differ from themselves: across space, over time, and according to different counterfactual scenarios. She posits spatiotemporal and modal parts, offering an analogy between extension in space-time and across possible worlds. Christabel is currently a graduate TA at UCL and LSE, and is also teaching philosophy classes atHMP Lewes as part of MM McCabe’s TeachingPhilosophy In Prisons initiative. In the course of teaching, she has become passionately interested in critical pedagogies, and has given talks and led discussion groups for the UCL MAP chapter and departmental staff about how the critical theory that surrounds our current pedagogical practices might be implemented in philosophy classrooms.

Frederik J. Andersen is a PhD student in the Arché Philosophical Research Centre at the University of St Andrews, where he is supervised by Greg Restall, Francesco Berto, and Jessica Brown. His main research interests are in epistemology and logic. In June 2024 he will officially graduate with his doctoral project on Logical Disagreement. Later in 2024 he is expected to publish a co-authored entry on the same topic with Professor Anandi Hattiangadi for the Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Logic, Oxford University Press. Before coming to St Andrews, he obtained degrees in logic and philosophy at MA-level in Amsterdam and Copenhagen, respectively. Since January 2024 Frederik has also been working as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Copenhagen.

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Jacopo Berneri

UNiversity of Oslo

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Wouter Cohen

University of Manchester

Abstracts

The standard version of the Russell-Myhill paradox is blocked by implementing logical restrictions associated with an ordinary understanding of predicativism. Uzquiano has recently shown that these restrictions are not safe: another version of the paradox still goes through. I argue that it can be blocked by a more thoroughgoing understanding of predicativism, as naturally implemented by ramified type theory. The upshot is that predicativism, so understood, coherently avoids the paradox
Russell’s higher-order theory of existence is among his most influential ideas. Its central thesis is that existence is not a property of objects, but a property of properties, or, to use Russell’s terminology, a property of propositional functions. A propositional function has this property if and only if it is true in at least one instance. Existence thus essentially becomes existential quantification. In this short paper, I examine part of Russell’s route to this theory, which he first fully endorses around 1918. I show that Russell accepted two important existential distinctions in his early philosophy: a distinction between being and existence, and a distinction between philosophical and mathematical existence. Scholars have mainly focused on the first distinction, but I argue that the second distinction is more illuminating when we are concerned with understanding the origins of Russell’s higher-order theory. In particular, I argue that his notion of mathematical existence, which he was already using in 1903 and so before the theory of descriptions, is a higher-order notion of existence and so an important root of Russell’s mature higher-order theory. In the final section, I argue that he got his mathematical notion of existence from the Boolean logicians such as Lewis Carroll and John Venn. Altogether, the paper places Russell’s influential higher-order theory of existence in a new historical narrative that starts in the 19th-century and thus shows that his theory did not simply arise with theory of descriptions, as is still commonly assumed

About

Jacopo is a Doctoral Research Fellow in Philosophy at the University of Oslo. He holds a BA and an MA in Philosophy from the University of Padua, Italy. He is currently working on generative approaches to intensional entities, such as properties and propositions, under the supervision of Øystein Linnebo. His research primarily focuses on the application of these theories to formal semantics, philosophy of mathematics, and metaphysics, with a special interest in the philosophical foundations of the generation process, by means of the notions of grounding and metaphysical dependence.

Wouter Cohen recently finished his PhD at the University of Cambridge and is currentlya postdoctoral researcher at the University of Manchester funded by an AnalysisStudentship. His PhD thesis is about existence concepts and negative existentials in the works of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein. His current post-doc project is about a disagreement between Carnap and Popper on the demarcation between science and metaphysics. Besides history of analytic philosophy, he is also interested in(meta)metaphysics, philosophy of music and logic. Before starting the PhD atCambridge, Wouter was at the University of Amsterdam for the Logic Year, completed an MPhil in Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, and received a BA in Philosophy and a BA in Musicology from Utrecht University.

Practical Philosophy

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Lauren Miano

Princeton

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Joseph sibly

University College London

Abstracts

The standard view of the early educational program set out in Books II and III of the Republic is that it aims exclusively at developing the spirited part of the soul in order to instill in it a discriminatory perception of fine and shameful items. However, we find evidence in Book III that the aim of early education is to harmonize the spirited and philosophic parts of the soul, suggesting that early education targets at least one other part of the soul. In this paper, I will first provide textual evidence that this philosophic part of the soul is identical to the more familiar rational part, and thus that it is the rational and spirited parts of the soul that early education aims to harmonize. I will then go on to explore how early education, specifically musical education, affects the rational part in order to carry out this aim. I will provide a new interpretation of a well-known passage from Book III to argue that musical education does instill in the soul a discriminatory perception of fine and shameful items, but that this perception is instilled in the rational part, rather than in the spirited part, as the standard view maintains. This view fits better with the picture that we get in the Republic of the rational part as a guide for the spirited part, as well as has the advantage of being compatible with a range of views of the nature of the spirited part. 
In this paper I present an allegorical reading of the Republic’s Myth of Er, one which takes it to function as a representation of choice in an agent’s current life. Particularly, I argue that the Myth can be read as representing two kinds of choice. First, a choice of character. Second, the choices concerning particular actions (whether to act, what act to perform, etc.) which agents make throughout their lives. I further claim that reflection on the Myth gives us reason to see the second kind of choice as the means via which the first kind of choice is typically made- that is, agents typically choose their characters by choosing to act in a certain way in a particular moment. The reason for this, I suggest, is that our characters are largely a function of our values, and when we act in a certain way on a given occasion, we commit ourselves to certain values, values which then inform our characters (and our future actions). I also suggest that not only do we choose our characters through our choices concerning particular actions, but that, for Plato, these choices also form our characters. This is because, on the account of psychic formation and alteration which I attribute to Plato, our actions strengthen our desires, and in doing so alter the relative strengths of our soul-parts. This change in the relative strengths of soul-parts is, I suggest, an important part of what it is to form a certain character.

About

Lauren is a PhD student at Princeton University in the Classical Philosophy Program. Before starting at Princeton, she completed an MSt in Ancient Philosophy at the University of Oxford and an MA in Philosophy at Tufts University. Lauren is primarily interested in ancient Greek ethics and moral psychology, especially in Plato and Aristotle. She also has interests in contemporary moral philosophy and philosophy of religion

Joe is currently finishing his MPhil in Philosophy at UCL as a Keeling Scholar in AncientPhilosophy. Prior to this he studied for the MStin Ancient Philosophy and BA in PPE, both at theUniversity of Oxford. He has broad interests in ancient ethical thought, particularly moral psychology, the place of the emotions in ethical theory, and moral development, as well as in philosophy as a written form. Joe also has interests in contemporary philosophy in similar areas

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Owen Clifton

queens university, canada

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Zachary Brants

University of California

Abstracts

Intuitively, it would be wrong to create a person whose life would be worth living, when the alternative is to create a numerically different person whose life would be better. “The Non-Identity Problem” is, roughly, the problem of explaining why this would be wrong, given that it would be worse for no one. Many believe that Scanlonian contractualism solves the Non-Identity Problem since, according to that theory, whether a choice is wrong is insensitive to the numerical identities of the individuals it stands to affect. I show this is a mistake. In the relevant respect, numerical non-identity is beside the point of the Non-Identity Problem. What generates the problem is instead the apparent absence of a different type of non-identity, which I call “standpoint non-identity”: whatever we choose, whoever comes into existence will instantiate one and the same standpoint, namely that of someone for whom our choice has not made things worse. I argue contractualism cannot solve the Non-Identity Problem, properly understood.

Despite the apparent difference between aversion and desire as two separate ways in which we can be motivated, a notorious passage in De AnimaIII.7 seems to identify their respective faculties, claiming that they are ‘the same but different in being.’ In this paper I defend a new way to understand the identity of the faculty of aversion and the faculty of desire that takes inspiration from the two-way rational capacities, such as medicine, that enable two contrary activities. I suggest that aversion and desire are analogously two aspects of a single two-way conative capacity that can be active as either pursuit or avoidance. This interpretation clarifies the sense in which aversion and desire are ‘the same but different in being’ while also making sense of Aristotle’s tendency to compare pursuit and avoidance to affirmation and denial.

About

Owen is a PhD candidate, Global Priorities Fellow and Canada Graduate Scholar in theDepartment of Philosophy at Queen’s University in Canada. In 2022, he was a visiting doctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and an early-career fellow at the University of Oxford’s Global Priorities Institute. By invitation of the Global Priorities Institute, he returned to Oxford in 2023 as a visiting scholar. Owen’s research lies at the intersections of ethics and political philosophy. At present, his two main research projects concern the ethics of, respectively, far-future-affecting policy and social and political membership.

Zack Brants is a PhD candidate at the University of California, San Diego. His work focuses on Ancient Greek Philosophy, with an emphasis on the role of pleasure and pain in Plato and Aristotle’s moral psychology. He is currently writing a dissertation that articulates the essential roles that pleasant and painful anticipation play in Plato and Aristotle’s theories of embodied action, motivation, and emotion. Both philosophers, he claims, take a large part of moral education and the cultivation of virtue to consist in the proper development of such future-oriented affective states. Zack is also interested in the importance of affective anticipation in Epicurean and Stoic thought, for instance in underlying the alleged ability of philosophy to modify our emotions.